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Design guidelines

PCB design rules

Recommended design parameters for reliable fabrication. Values are confirmed during engineering review.

Trace width & spacing

1 oz outer, min trace0.10 mm (4 mil)
1 oz outer, min spacing0.10 mm (4 mil)
2 oz outer, min trace0.16 mm (6.5 mil)
2 oz outer, min spacing0.16 mm (6.5 mil)
0.5 oz inner, min trace0.09 mm (3.5 mil)
Trace width tolerance±20%

Annular ring & drill

Min annular ring (outer)0.13 mm
Min annular ring (inner)0.15 mm
Min drill-to-copper0.25 mm
Drill hole tolerance (PTH)+0.13 / -0.08 mm
Drill hole tolerance (NPTH)±0.05 mm
Min castellated hole0.50 mm

Solder mask & silkscreen

Mask expansion0.05 mm per side
Min mask bridge0.10 mm (green)
Mask bridge (black/white)0.13 mm
Min silkscreen line0.15 mm
Min text height1.0 mm (40 mil)
Character width ratio1:6 or greater

Board outline & routing

Outline layerRequired (GKO / GM1)
Route tool diameter1.6 mm (standard), 0.8 mm (fine)
Board edge clearance≥0.3 mm copper to edge
V-score1/3 thickness remaining
Mouse bites5 holes, 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm pitch
Dimension tolerance±0.15 mm

Impedance & stackup

Impedance tolerance±10%
Dielectric constant4.2-4.6 (FR-4)
Min prepreg thickness0.10 mm
Min core thickness0.10 mm
2-layer stackup1.6mm: copper / core / copper
4-layer stackupSignal / GND / PWR / Signal

Panelization guidelines

Min panel border10 mm per side
Fiducial marks1.0 mm dia, 3 per panel
Tooling holes3.2 mm dia, 4 corners
V-score angle30°
Tab routing1.5 mm tab width, 5 tabs per side
Max panel size450 × 350 mm
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File preparation checklist

✓ Gerber files: RS-274X format. Include all layers (copper, mask, silkscreen, outline, drill).
✓ Drill file: Excellon format (.drl or .txt). Include tool list with sizes.
✓ Board outline: Include on a dedicated mechanical layer or the Gerber outline layer.
✓ BOM: CSV or Excel format. Include reference designator, MPN, manufacturer, quantity, footprint.
✓ CPL (Pick & Place): CSV format. Include designator, X/Y in mm, rotation, side (top/bottom).
✓ Schematic: PDF format for engineering review reference.
✓ ZIP all files: Single archive, max 100 MB.
✓ Naming: Use consistent layer naming — .GTL (top copper), .GBL (bottom copper), .GTS (top mask), .GBS (bottom mask), .GTO (top silkscreen), .GBO (bottom silkscreen), .GKO (outline), .TXT (drill).